Cook the Pasta: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the spaghetti or linguine and cook according to package instructions until al dente. Reserve 1 cup of pasta water, then drain the pasta and set aside.
Sauté the Shrimp: In a large skillet over medium heat, add the olive oil. Once heated, add the minced garlic and red pepper flakes. Sauté for about 1 minute until fragrant, being careful not to burn the garlic.
Add the Shrimp: Add the shrimp to the skillet in a single layer. Season with salt and pepper. Cook for about 2-3 minutes on each side, or until the shrimp turn pink and opaque.
Combine Ingredients: Lower the heat and add the cooked pasta to the skillet. Pour in the lemon juice, lemon zest, and a splash of reserved pasta water to help combine everything. Toss gently to mix all ingredients evenly.
Finish with Fresh Herbs: Stir in the chopped parsley and adjust seasoning if necessary. If the pasta seems dry, add more reserved pasta water a little at a time until desired consistency.
Serve: Plate the pasta in bowls and sprinkle with grated Parmesan cheese if desired.
Notes
Adjust red pepper flakes to taste for desired spiciness.