Cook the Pasta: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add penne pasta and cook according to package instructions until al dente. Drain and set aside, reserving 1 cup of pasta water.
Prepare the Garlic Base: In a large skillet, heat the butter and olive oil over medium heat. Add the minced garlic and red pepper flakes. Sauté for about 2-3 minutes until fragrant and the garlic is lightly golden (be careful not to burn it!).
Make the Sauce: Pour in the heavy cream and let it simmer for about 2-3 minutes, allowing it to thicken slightly. Stir in the grated Parmesan cheese, mixing until the cheese has melted into a creamy sauce.
Combine Pasta and Sauce: Add the cooked penne to the skillet, tossing it in the garlic cream sauce. If the sauce is too thick, gradually add reserved pasta water until reaching desired consistency. Season with salt and black pepper to taste.
Finish: Remove from heat and stir in lemon zest for a zesty kick.
Garnish and Serve: Divide the penne into serving bowls, garnish with chopped fresh parsley, and additional Parmesan cheese if desired.
Notes
Adjust the red pepper flakes to your spice preference.